In determining whether a particular market is competitive, economists will often study entry into the market. Are new players entering, and due to this entry, are incumbent market competitors forced to adapt and offer innovative products and services to effectively compete? Within health insurance markets, the entry issue has been raised. In fact, the CEOs of both Anthem and Aetna, companies hoping to merge with Cigna and Humana respectively, have suggested that the health

Along with the Federal Government, the states are also empowered to enforce the antitrust laws. If a merger is deemed anticompetitive, the state’s attorney general can bring a lawsuit on behalf of the residents of their state under federal antitrust law. In mergers, state and federal enforcers typically work collectively to investigate the competitive effects. This allows the state to use the same investigative procedures used by the Department of Justice Antitrust Divisio